Sufixos em inglês

O que são os sufixos em inglês?

Os sufixos em inglês são algumas letras que adicionamos ao final das palavras para alterar o significado delas. Em inglês, é importante saber o que eles significam para expandir o vocabulário.

Um sufixo é uma parte da palavra colocada no final de uma palavra base.

Os sufixos em inglês comuns incluem ED, ING e EST. Um sufixo geralmente transforma uma palavra em uma nova classe gramatical. Nos exemplos acima, baby (um substantivo) é alterado para babyish (um adjetivo); run (um verbo) é alterado para runner (um substantivo).

A suffix is a word part that is placed at the end of a base word. Common suffixes include ED, ING, and EST. A suffix often transforms a word into a new part of speech. In the examples above, baby (a noun) is changed to babyish (an adjective); run (a verb) is changed to runner (a noun).

Aprenda a usar os sufixos em ingles

The most common suffixes are S, ES, ED, and ING. These four suffixes are the most useful for beginning readers and spellers to learn because they appear frequently in words, and their meanings are easy to understand and remember.

The Four Most Common Suffixes

Os sufixos mais comuns são S, ES, ED e ING. Esses quatro sufixos são os mais úteis para leitores e soletradores iniciantes aprenderem, porque eles aparecem frequentemente em palavras e seus significados são fáceis de entender e lembrar. Veja as regas para cada um.

Remember S ES

Suffix S and ES indicate plurals.

Remember ED

Suffix ED indicates past tense.

Remember ING

Most often, suffix ING is added to verbs to indicate that something is happening in the present.

Rules for Adding Suffixes

Rule 1: Add a consonant suffix directly to the base word.

MOUTH + FUL is Mouthful

Rule 2: Check the base word before adding a vowel suffix.

Here are the first three guidelines we teach for adding vowel suffixes.

• If the base word ends in two consonants, just add the vowel suffix.

JUMP + ING = Jumping

• If the base word has 1 syllable, 1 short vowel, and 1 final consonant, double the final consonant before adding the vowel suffix. (We teach this as the “1-1-1 Rule.” Although it may sound complicated, this rule is actually quite easy to follow when you have an understanding of syllable division rules.)

WIN + ING = Wining

• If the base word ends in a Silent E , drop the E before adding the vowel suffix. (Again, this is an easy rule to understand: you don’t want to have two E’s in a row, so you have to drop the first E.)

SMILE + ED = Smiled

Rule 3: If the base word ends in a single Y, change the Y to an I before adding the suffix.

(This rule applies to both consonant suffixes and vowel suffixes.)

SILLY + NESS = Silliness

Consonant Suffix	Most Common Meaning	Sample Word
ful	full of	peaceful
less	without	penniless
ly	in what manner	slowly
ment	action, process, or result	encouragement
ness	state or condition of	happiness
s	plural	planets

Vowel Suffix	Most Common Meaning	Sample Word
able, ible	able to be	noticeable, sensible
al	relating to	personal
an	relating or belonging to	electrician, African
ance, ence	state or condition of	resistance, permanence
ate	having characteristics of	fortunate
ed	past tense	baked
en	made of, or become	wooden, awaken
er	person or thing that does an action, or a comparative	runner, faster
es	plural	stitches
est	superlative	biggest
ic	having characteristics of, or relating to	comic, organic
ing	action or process	moving
ion, tion, ation, ition	act of, state of, or result of	union, construction, celebration, expedition
ish	having the quality of	foolish
ive, ative, itive	having the nature of	active, creative, primitive
ize	to make or become	fossilize
or	person who does an action	instructor
ous	full of	courageous
y	characterized by	fuzzy

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